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The Island of Hawai‘i (called the Big Island or Hawai‘i proper) is one of the eight main islands that make up the state of Hawai‘i. It is said to have been named after Hawai‘iloa, a legendary Polynesian navigator to whom discovery of the Hawaiian Islands is attributed. (Other accounts of the name of Hawai‘i say that it is named for the legendary land/realm Hawaiki, or Havaiki, a place where Polynesians originated, or a place where they go in the afterlife, or the realm of the Gods.)
The Island of Hawai‘i is built from five separate shield volcanoes that erupted somewhat sequentially, one overlapping the other.
Because Mauna Loa and Kīlauea are active volcanoes, the island of Hawai‘i is still growing. Between January 1983 and September 2002, 2.2 km˛ (543 ac) of land were added to the island by lava flows from Kīlauea volcano extending the coastline seaward. Several towns have been destroyed by Kīlauea lava flows in modern times: Kapoho (1960), Kalapana (1990), and Kaimū (1990).
Hawai‘i is the southernmost island in the Hawaiian archipelago. The nearest landfall to the south would be in the Line Islands. To the north is the island of Maui, where Haleakalā (East Maui Volcano) is visible across the Alenuihaha Channel. |
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